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The DSQ II, a single stage quadrupole mass spectrometer with a curved prefilter that minimizes background noise derived from excited neutrals, was used for the GC/MS confirmation and quantitation a THC metabolite (THCA) in urine. ToxLab™ 2.0 software provided automated sample analysis and quantitation, and the method was fully validated, including assessments of precision, interference, and linearity.
The analysis of THCA on the DSQ II was completed with a THCA retention time of less than two minutes. The method was fully evaluated, in matrix, and included linearity, precision, carryover, and specificity testing. The final results accurately reflect method development and validation as they would be performed within a working laboratory.
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The DSQ II was used for the GC/MS confirmation and quantitation of PCP in urine. Coupled to a TRACE GC Ultra™ gas chromatograph and an AS3000 autosampler, this GC/MS system represents the standard for confirmatory analyses of drug use. ToxLab™ 2.0 software provided automated sample analysis and quantitation, and the method was fully validated.
The analysis of PCP on the DSQ II was completed with a PCP retention time of less than two minutes. The validated method is sensitive, with a wide dynamic range, ranging from 5 to 5,000 ng/mL.
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- High Throughput GC/MS Confirmation of Benzoylecgonine in Urine Using the DSQ II
A method was developed for the confirmation and quantitation of benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite) in urine by GC/MS using the DSQ II GC/MS sytem. The method was fully validated using extracted, derivatized urine samples, and ToxLab 2.0 software provided automated sample analysis and quantitation.
The DSQ II system provides excellent linearity and precision, with a dynamic range from 15 to 12,500 ng/mL for benzoylecgonine with a 2 mL sample size.
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- High Throughput GC/MS Confirmation of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine in Urine Using the DSQ II
The DSQ II GC/MS system, with a TRACE GC Ultra, AS 3000 autosampler, and ToxLab 2.0 software, were used to develop and fully validate a GC/MS method for the confirmation and quantitation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in urine. Comprehensive validation of the method included linearity, carryover, precision and specificity/interference.
This method offered exellent linearity for both amphetamine and methamphetamine. Using a 2 mL sample size, amphetamine was linear from 25 to 50,000 ng/mL and methamphetamine had a linear range of 25 to 25,000 ng/mL.
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- High Throughput GC/MS Confirmation of Codeine and Morphine in Urine Using the DSQ II
The DSQ II GC/MS system, with a TRACE GC Ultra, AS 3000 autosampler, and ToxLab 2.0 software, were used to develop and fully validate a GC/MS method for the confirmation and quantitation of codeine and morphine in urine. Comprehensive validation of the method included linearity, carryover, precision and specificity/interference.
This method offered exellent linearity for both codeine and morphine. Using a 2 mL sample size, codeine was linear from 60 to 50,000 ng/mL and morphine had a linear range of 100 to 50,000 ng/mL.
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- ToxLab 2.0: Evaluation of Intelligent Sequencing Software for Use in High-Throughput Laboratory Settings
Save over $25,000 per year with the use of ToxLab 2.0 software for sample acquisition and analysis.
Reduce costs, increase throughput, and enjoy significant competitive advantages with the use of ToxLabTM 2.0 Intelligent Sequencing Software and the DSQ or DSQ II Series GC/MS systems. Improve sample throughput by decreasing inject-to-inject time.
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- GC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Steroids
The PolarisQ ion trap GC/MS is used in MS/MS mode to provide very selective scanning for the detection of trace levels of steroids in urine. Step by step instructions guide the user through the process of developing a method using an effective and easy to use software tool.
The development of an MS/MS method for a list of target compounds can be divided into six steps. These steps are outlined in this application, with the use of the PolarisQ and HighChem Mass FrontierTM 4.0, a software package for the management, evaluation and interpretation of mass spectra.
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- Positive Ion Chemical Ionization and GC/MS for Confirmation and Quantitation of Benzoylecgonine in Oral Fluid
A method has been developed to determine benzoylecgonine (BE), a major metabolite of cocaine, in oral fluids using gas chromatography and positive ion chemical ionization (PCI) with a single-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer.
GC/MS was used due to current widespread implementation of this methodology in many laboratories for routine confirmation of the presence of common drugs of abuse in urine samples. Though this analysis may be conducted using conventional electron impact (EI) ionization, the sensitivity and selectivity of the analytical method can be improved through the use of chemical ionization (CI).
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- Sensitive and Rapid Approach to the Analysis of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine in Urine
Rapid analysis of amphetamine (AM) and methamphetamine (MA) in urine on the DSQ GC/MS is described, including sample extraction and preparation, as well as analytical parameters.
Amphetamine (AM) and methamphetamine (MA) are stimulants belonging to a class of compounds known as sympathomimetic amines. Subject to abuse, either by prescription or through use of illicit forms, the use of AM and MA is monitored as a component of drug testing programs or through other toxicology testing. In the United States, federal workplace drug testing programs currently require urine as the matrix of choice.
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- Analysis of Carboxy-THC in Urine Using the DSQ GC/MS
This application note demonstrates the ability of the DSQ single quadrupole GC/MS, operated in selected ion monitoring mode, to locate and confirm a drug in a given urine sample. The SIM function of the TDSQ is suitable for any method that requires the detection and quantitation of the lowest levels of a compound. Using qualifying ions and an unwavering retention time will give the operator the utmost confidence in reporting even the minutest quantity of a compound.
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- Analysis of Benzoylecgonine in Urine Using the DSQ GC/MS
Toxicology specimens present unique analytical challenges that include complex matrices, time constraints, complex sample preparation, and the need for solid scientific practices upon which to base the results. Historically, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have played a crucial role in the forensic toxicology laboratory.
This application outlines an effective method for the analysis of benzoylecgonine in urine using the DSQ GC/MS system.
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- Use of a Novel LVSL and Full Scan/SIM Analysis for Screening and Confirmation of Toxicological Specimens
This novel injection technique, coupled with a sequential full scan/SIM acquisition, can expand that role and consequently increase the value of GC/MS as an analytical tool. By combining an injection technique that allows injection of up to 50 µL of sample with a sequential full scan/SIM acquisition, the forensic scientist can achieve several objectives with a single injection using the DSQ GC/MS system. SIM analysis enables confirmation of pre-screened presumptive positives, while the presence of full scan data allows investigation into other compounds of interest that may be present in a sample.
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According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Report (FBI UCR) for 2002, there were estimated to be 1,538,800 state and local arrests for violation of drug laws. These arrests included charges of possession, manufacture/growth, and selling of illicit drugs. Typically, the investigating officer performs the identification of seized drugs and evidence on a preliminary basis in the field, with confirmatory tests performed by crime laboratory drug chemists.
The direct sample probe offers an excellent alternative to GC and LC for mass spectral analysis of solid drugs and drug residues. The DSQ single quadrupole MS, via the vacuum interlock, provides high-quality mass spectral data for identification of unknown compounds. This direct analysis offers rapid identification of unknowns. When coupled with a TRACE GC UltraTM, the combination of direct sample probe-MS and GC/MS offers an additional tool for drug analysis.
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