Pesticides are used throughout the world to control pests that are harmful to crops, animals, or people. Because of the danger of pesticides to human health and the environment, regulatory agencies control their use and set pesticide residue tolerance levels. The limits of detection (LODs) for many of these substances are at the parts-per-trillion (ppt) level. In order to achieve this level of detection, offline sample pre-concentration is often performed. However, these sample preparation procedures can be time consuming, adding as much as one to two days to the total analysis time. Therefore, a method for online sample pre-concentration that bypasses the offline sample pre-concentration provides a significant time savings over conventional methods.

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